Minggu, 07 Juni 2015

> Ebook Download Romantic Encounters: Writers, Readers, and the Library for Reading, by Melissa Frazier

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Romantic Encounters: Writers, Readers, and the Library for Reading, by Melissa Frazier

Romantic Encounters draws on the works of canonical Romantic writers to show how the Romantic text apparently emerges from complicated exchanges among various reading and writing selves. The author shows that the Romantic ideal of intersubjectivity appears in a very particular light when we turn to later and lesser-known Romantic literary periodicals, above all O.I. Senkovskii's Library for Reading. The Library for Reading is famous not for its Romanticism, but for its crass commercialization of literature. In the author's reading, however, Romanticism and the literary marketplace produce the same destablization of reading and writing identities.

Romantic Encounters restores to Russian literary history a writer and a work long marginalized. As the book places Senkovskii in a broader European context, it argues for a re-evaluation of the relationship of Russian to European Romanticism, and for a particular understanding of European Romanticism as a whole. Romanticism is often described as a movement valorizing sincerity, authenticity, and originality. This book argues exactly the opposite, returning subversiveness to a movement long part of the literary establishment.

  • Sales Rank: #6254700 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Stanford University Press
  • Published on: 2007-05-21
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .90" w x 6.00" l, 1.07 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 264 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"Frazier makes a stimulating and valuable contribution to the history of nineteenth-century Russian literature. She weaves an entertaining account of the business and biographical sides of literary history with quite sophisticated theoretical interpretation."—Monika Greenleaf, Stanford University

"Melissa Frazier has written a fascinating and complex study of the role of the Romantic author as represented in the pages of Osip Senkovsky's Library for Reading In the end, anyone wishing to study the development of commercial literature and its artistic impact in Russia would be well served to begin with Frazier's excellent study." —Slavic and East European Journal

"There is insufficient space in a review of this length to do justice to the multiple contributions to our understanding of Russian literary history and nineteenth-century culture that Frazier's study offers. This is an intriguing, thoroughly researched, and elegantly written work of scholarship that should rightly oblige us to reconsider our preconceptions of the nineteenth-century canon both in and beyond Russia of the 1830s."
—Carol Adlam, University of Exeter

"Frazier has produced a thoughtful and lucidly written book...She makes copious use of theoretical writing and engages in depth with existing scholarship about the conditions in which Russian writers operated in the age of Nicholas and more generally about contemporary European writers, readers, and Romanticism." —The Slavonic and East European Review

From the Inside Flap
Romantic Encounters draws on the works of canonical Romantic writers to show how the Romantic text apparently emerges from complicated exchanges among various reading and writing selves. The author shows that the Romantic ideal of intersubjectivity appears in a very particular light when we turn to later and lesser-known Romantic literary periodicals, above all O.I. Senkovskii's Library for Reading. The Library for Reading is famous not for its Romanticism, but for its crass commercialization of literature. In the author's reading, however, Romanticism and the literary marketplace produce the same destablization of reading and writing identities.
Romantic Encounters restores to Russian literary history a writer and a work long marginalized. As the book places Senkovskii in a broader European context, it argues for a re-evaluation of the relationship of Russian to European Romanticism, and for a particular understanding of European Romanticism as a whole. Romanticism is often described as a movement valorizing sincerity, authenticity, and originality. This book argues exactly the opposite, returning subversiveness to a movement long part of the literary establishment.

From the Back Cover
"Frazier makes a stimulating and valuable contribution to the history of nineteenth-century Russian literature. She weaves an entertaining account of the business and biographical sides of literary history with quite sophisticated theoretical interpretation."—Monika Greenleaf, Stanford University

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Kamis, 04 Juni 2015

^^ Download Ebook Secret History: The CIA’s Classified Account of Its Operations in Guatemala 1952-1954, by Nick Cullather

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Secret History: The CIA’s Classified Account of Its Operations in Guatemala 1952-1954, by Nick Cullather

The first edition of this book, published in 1999, was well-received, but interest in it has surged in recent years. It chronicles an early example of “regime change” that was based on a flawed interpretation of intelligence and proclaimed a success even as its mistakes were becoming clear. Since 1999, a number of documents relating to the CIA’s activities in Guatemala have been declassified, and a truth and reconciliation process has unearthed other reports, speeches, and writings that shed more light on the role of the United States. For this edition, the author has selected and annotated twenty-one documents for a new documentary Appendix, including President Clinton’s apology to the people of Guatemala.

  • Sales Rank: #100887 in Books
  • Published on: 2006-11-06
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x .60" w x 5.50" l, .58 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 176 pages

Review
"Nick Cullather sheds new light on an old regime change, assissted by documents initially made public during the tenure of former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Director (and current Secretary of Defense) Robert Gates. Cullather's work is concise, detailed, and eminantly readable...In summary, Cullather provides a realistic and nuanced view of an otherwise well-covered operation, see through the eyes of the agency that led PBSUCCESS...For students of Latin America and U.S. national security policymaking in the region, Cullather has done a great service." —Mark Montesclaros, Department of Joint, Interagency and Multinational Operations, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

From the Inside Flap
The first edition of this book, published in 1999, was well-received, but interest in it has surged in recent years. It chronicles an early example of “regime change” that was based on a flawed interpretation of intelligence and proclaimed a success even as its mistakes were becoming clear. Since 1999, a number of documents relating to the CIA’s activities in Guatemala have been declassified, and a truth and reconciliation process has unearthed other reports, speeches, and writings that shed more light on the role of the United States. For this edition, the author has selected and annotated twenty-one documents for a new documentary Appendix, including President Clinton’s apology to the people of Guatemala.

About the Author
Nick Cullather is Associate Professor of History at Indiana University. He is the author of Illusions of Influence: The Political Economy of United States-Philippines Relations, 1942-1960 (Stanford University Press, 1994).

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11 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
REPRINT: Phenomenal "Primary" Source Relevant Today
By Robert David STEELE Vivas
This is the reprint, Stanford also produced the original version, Secret History: The CIA's Classified Account of Its Operations in Guatemala, 1952-1954. I bought that one used and not only loved the speed of delivery, but the notes from the previous owner.

My next review will cover The CIA in Iran: The 1953 Coup and the Origins of the US-Iran Trade. The two "successes" would both be condemned by history, but more pointedly, led to the CIA misadventures in Cuba, Chile, the Philippines, Viet-Nam, and so on.

There is a great deal in this book that I was not aware of, and that is with 294 reviews tagged Intelligence (Government/Secret)at Phi Beta Iota the Public Intelligence Blog, all leading back to their Amazon page.

In a nutshell, PBSUCCESS was a stunningly inept widely known endeavor penetrated across multiple points by the Guatemalan government, which succeeded only because the Army lost its nerve and deposed their own elected President. Especially new to me were the US Navy blockage of the Guatemalan ports (one on each coast), and the failure of CIA-trained "saboteurs" to derail the shipment of arms from the port to the capital city that the President was able to procure despite a global US embargo on arms for Guatemala.

This is a book I really appreciate and strongly recommend to anyone who wants to understand the nuts and bolts of "covert action" in close association with the idiocy and lack of ethics in the US Government then (and now).

The author was "the" CIA historian for PBSUCCESS in Guatemala, his notes are superb, and this is a classic study that demonstrates what is possible if and when we ever have an honest US Government willing to abide by the Congressional and Department of State demands for declassifying the history of our clandestine and covert operations.

Two quotes from the poignant forward by the author, which also laments the fact that no "truth dividend" ever came of the end of the Cold War:

QUOTE (xii): Having done so little historical research of its own, the agency had to rely on accounts by historians with no access to classified documents, and its training program suffered from its own efforts to conceal and distort the public record.

QUOTE (xiii): "a careless disregard for the past that is perhaps natural in an agency where the only valuable information is minutes or at most hours old."

The author himself highlights Guatemala as "setting the pattern," and also points out that the money trail side of this book has never been done. Throughout the book one develops an appreciation for the covert action and corruption actions of United Fruit that were better funded and better managed than CIA's fledgling efforts.

Guatemala was the beginning, the author tells us, of CIA's routine use of assassination, especially in the form of murder for contrived political gain. Appendix C, "A Study of Assassination," is the short front-end of CIA Historian Gerald K. Haines 1995 work, "CIA and Guatemala Assassination Proposals, 1952-1954."

Guatemala was, the author states, an early example of the CIA using intensive (and expensive) paramilitary and psychological operations to displace a popular elected leader. This was--with Iran--the beginning of "regime change" as a core element of a broadly unethical, mostly idiotic, and generally corrupt US foreign policy (see my reviews of 86 books on diplomacy at Phi Beta Iota). See also, for the "rules of the game" that include "lie to the President if you can get away with it," Morton Halperin's still seminal Bureaucratic Politics And Foreign Policy.

Before doing my detailed notes, I want to jump to the Afterword, "The Culture of Fear," by Piero Gleijeses.

QUOTE (ix): Violence, torture, and death are the final arbiters of Guatemalan society, the gods that determine behavior.

After describing a long series of military dictatorships spawned by the US Government's intervention in Guatemala, the author observes that even the occasional "elected" president is nothing more than a puppet.

QUOTE (xxvi): Cerezo and his party won at the polls, but they were only the props of the upper class and the army.

QUOTE (xxxii): [Guatemala] still has the most regressive fiscal system and the most unequal land ownership pattern in Latin America. Its army, victorious on the battlefield, has evolved into an all-powerful mafia, stretching its tentacles into drug-trafficking, kidnapping, and smuggling. And its civilian presidents have shown no inclination to challenge the army and the upper class, to fight for social reform, or to clamp down on corruption. Today Hungary is free. Guatemala is still paying for the American "success."

Now for just a few notes from a book that is as thoughtfully developed and well foot-noted as any:

+ US paranoia about communism, combined with the well-funded campaigns of United Fruit both within the US political circles and in Guatemala, combined to end Guatemala's move in a progressive direction.

+ QUOTE (9-10): [Dictator] Ubico (whom the extremist mayor of Guatemala has just honored with a road naming) "suppressed dissent, legalized the killing of Indians by landlords, enlarged the Army, and organized a personal gestapo.

+ Ubico also gifted massive amounts of land to United Fruit, just one more reason why Guatemala, like Australia, needs a Native Title Act as well as land reform.

+ I learn that in the aftermath of WWII there was a general move toward progressive regimes, with teachers playing a key role. Guatemala elected a university professor, Juan Jose Arevalo, as President.

+ US ignorance about Guatemala is described as profound--in training the Army and in evaluating the political parties, the US balanced extreme ignorance about all things with extreme paranoia that any leftist was a communist in the making.

+ In a preamble to Carter/Brzezinski pushing Guatemala toward Israel's arms industry, in the earlier years the US and its heavy-handed policies pushed Guatemala to buy arms from Czechoslovakia.

+ Arbenz, the deposed president, was born of a Swiss father and Guatemalan mother; married a US-educated Salvadoran, and was intellectually and socially concerned to the point of advocating reforms in his earlier role as Minister of Defense.

+ US and Catholic Church sided with the oligarchs. Fast forward to the Pope condemning liberation theology today--we have Nazis in the Vatican and the US Government!

+ CIA's ignorance about land reform is breath-taking. They fought it because they saw it as a "communist" conspiracy to create collectives, and they also supported it as an antidote to communist collectives.

+ CIA assumed Moscow links, history has demonstrated that there were NONE less one attempt to buy bananas.

+ Guatemala was solemnly declared to be a "threat to US national security" and I am reminded of the Mexican president who told his idiot counterpart US president that he could not go along with declaring Cuba to be a national security threat or tens of millions of Mexicans would die laughing.

+ The ignorance of both CIA case officers and analysts boggles the minds and reminds me of Evan Thomas' The Very Best Men: Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA--well-intentioned dolts.

+ Arbenz had the entire CIA operation penetrated thanks to a walk-in from Panama. He ultimately exposed the operation (by then everyone who could read in Latin America knew of it) but made a huge error in forging materials to back up his story.

+ Students were used as bait by the CIA, intended to invite harmful repression (CIA's version of collateral damage), at which point the intervention would be launched.

+ DEEP INSIGHT: CIA was bluffing. Arbenz was led to believe that the entire US Government was participating in the invasion, but in fact CIA was having trouble moving two airplanes and their paid for bad boy had only 480 men.

+ Three days into the invasion, two of the four 100-person columns were turned back, one of them by the police of El Salvador.

+ Guatemala got the UN to object and pass a resolution, but by then the Army officers had pooped in their pants and decided to oust the president to save their own skins. The president was deposed by his own people at precisely the same time that CIA's operation was collapsing beyond salvation.

+ Five juntas followed, each more subject to American pressure, all of them inept, repressive, and corrupt.

The book concludes "the US was guilty of wanton criminal neglect." Here are four quotes and then some additional recommended reading.

QUOTE (109): Had the Guatemalan Army crushed Castillo Armas at Chiquimula, as it easily could have done, investigations would have uncovered the chronic lapses in [CIA] security, the failure to plan beyond the operation's first stages, the Agency's poor understanding of the intentions of the Army, the PGT [the communist party of Guatemala], and the government, the hopeless weakness of Castillo Arma's troops, and the failure to make provisions for the possibility of defeat.

QUOTE (112): In Latin America, the Arbenz regime's demise left an enduring legacy of anti-Americanism.

QUOTE (113): Castillo Armas completed his lunge to the right by disenfranchising illiterates (two-thirds of the electorate), cancelling land reform, and outlawing all political parties, labor confederations, and peasant organizations."

QUOTE (117): In Guatemala, US officials learned a lesson they would relearn in Vietnam, Iran, [REDACTED], and other countries: intervention usually produces "allies" that are stubborn, aid-hungry, and corrupt.

Seven other books:
Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA
Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq
Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent
SAVAGE CAPITALISM AND THE MYTH OF DEMOCRACY: Latin America in the Third Millennium
Confessions of an Economic Hit Man
None So Blind: A Personal Account of the Intelligence Failure in Vietnam

See my other reviews at Phi Beta Iota, especially on capitalism, pathology of power, etcetera.

Now to end on a positive note (see the List of Book Reviews (Positive) at Phi Beta Iota):

1. The truth at any cost reduces all other costs.

2. Machine guns cannot kill cockroaches.

3. When the cockroaches all have cell phones, the Earth will be back in balance.

5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Fantastic Book, unbelieveable real story
By Christopher J. De Laet
This book is fantastic. A great CIA sponsored text, describing the CIA's mission to destabilize and overthrow the Guatemalan government in the 50s. Built ALMOST COMPLETELY out of internal CIA documents, the purpose of the book was to provide the CIA with a template for future intervention missions. When you read this, you really start to get a feel for what the CIA would do in the future.

A must read for anyone with a serious interest in US Foreign Policy.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Amazing look into American involvement and sabotage of Guatemalen govt
By Luis
I bought this book for a class and just dove straight into it once we began reading it. It Gabe's amazing insight into the ability of the United States to influence smaller countries (and probably even larger, more powerful ones as well).

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Rabu, 03 Juni 2015

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Bohemia in America, 1858-1920, by Joanna Levin

Bohemia in America, 1858–1920 explores the construction and emergence of "Bohemia" in American literature and culture. Simultaneously a literary trope, a cultural nexus, and a socio-economic landscape, la vie bohème traveled to the United States from the Parisian Latin Quarter in the 1850s. At first the province of small artistic coteries, Bohemia soon inspired a popular vogue, embodied in restaurants, clubs, neighborhoods, novels, poems, and dramatic performances across the country. Levin's study follows la vie bohème from its earliest expressions in the U.S. until its explosion in Greenwich Village in the 1910s.

Although Bohemia was everywhere in nineteenth- and twentieth-century American culture, it has received relatively little scholarly attention. Bohemia in America, 1858–1920 fills this critical void, discovering and exploring the many textual and geographic spaces in which Bohemia was conjured.

Joanna Levin not only provides access to a neglected cultural phenomenon but also to a new and compelling way of charting the development of American literature and culture.

  • Sales Rank: #3529300 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Stanford University Press
  • Published on: 2009-10-21
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.30" w x 6.00" l, 1.70 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 480 pages
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"In a thorough and insightful study of Bohemianism in the United States, Joanna Levin documents the significance of the term, 'part literary trope, part cultural nexus, and part socioeconomic landscape,' and traces its wavering course as the sign of cultural dissent, and of dissent emulated and commodified."—David M. Robinson, American Literary Realism

"Exhaustively researched and dynamically interdisciplinary, Levin persuasively challenges the widely held assumption that American Bohemianism was a 'feeble imitation' of its European counterpart. Instead, her text demonstrates the vitality of this American expression."—Forum for Modern Language Studies

"Bohemia in America is revisionist history in the best sense. Not only does it overturn received wisdom but it also reveals, on a vast canvas long assumed to be more or less blank, a vivid collage of scenes and portraits, rich in both concrete details and meaningful abstractions. . . Whether critiquing bohemia from an ideological distance or singing its praises, the dozens of contemporary voices that Levin captures make for a highly textured, engaging account. Bohemia in America is an important and authoritative book with remarkable reach."—Sarah Wadsworth, Journal of American History

"Joanna Levin's exhaustively researched and cogently argued survey, Bohemia in America, examines quite another slice of late-nineteenth-century cultural politics. . . The standout chapters of this book examine the domestication and merchandising of 'bohemia' as a concept and a brand." —Kevin R. McNamara, American Literature

"Levin's distinctions among various regional bohemias lends a sound organizational structure to her book, and Harte is but one of an impressive assembly of writers who undergo fresh assessment . . . This well-researched and sharply written study will serve to introduce a novel subject to some readers and provide a solid foundation for subsequent scholars interested in exploring a compelling and colorful chapter in American literature and culture."—Kent P. Ljungquist, Resources for American Literary Study
"[Bohemia in America] offers a carefully argued and supported thesis, and provides cultural historians and literary scholars with fresh insights into cultural resistance and accommodation."—Thomas Lawrence Long, Canadian Journal of History
"Because of Levin's depth of research and polished prose, Bohemia in America offers readers an incredibly rich look at a fertile period in American arts . . . As long as discontented souls seek la vie bohème, Levin's book should stand as a cornerstone of counterculture criticism."—Brett C. Sigurdson, Western American Literature
"Joanna Levin's Bohemia in America, 1858-1920 promises to fill a niche in the history of American literature and culture by providing a timely and comprehensive account of 'the textual and geographic spaces in which Bohemia was conjured'."—Wendy Graham, Vassar College
"The research contained in Bohemia in America is impeccable, indeed, extraordinary. It will make an important contribution to late nineteenth and early twentieth-century US literary studies. The arguments the book offers are smart, and make us look at familiar questions—the relation between bohemian and bourgeois, the consolidation and reticulation of middle-class culture, and many more—in a new and more complex light."—Jonathan Freedman, University of Michigan
"Readers will find much to admire in this history of Bohemianism in America. Levin's dynamic historical narrative, her impeccable research, and her ever-changing cast of literary and cultural figures make for an engaging and rewarding survey of an often-neglected movement . . . Highly recommended."—Choice
"[T]he book treats Bohemia as a cultural identity that draws on even while confounding our current categories: it is ethnic, racial, gendered, local, national, transnational, geographic, utopian, historical, ahistorical—all and none of these. Perhaps the profoundest challenge and intervention that this book produces lies in its ability to confound the taxonomies on which Americanists rely in their engagement with nineteenth century culture. While much scholarship over the past decades has challenged our cultural epistemologies in productive ways, this book shows how messy the historical past is, and thus unsettles our habit of taxonimizing its conflicting strands."—Colleen Glenney Boggs, New Books on Line 19

About the Author
Joanna Levin is Assistant Professor of English at Chapman University.

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Sabtu, 30 Mei 2015

^ Free Ebook Ends of Enlightenment, by John Bender

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Ends of Enlightenment, by John Bender

Ends of Enlightenment explores three realms of eighteenth-century European innovation that remain active in the twenty-first century: the realist novel, philosophical thought, and the physical sciences, especially human anatomy. The European Enlightenment was a state of being, a personal stance, and an orientation to the world. Ways of probing experience and knowledge in the novel and in the visual arts were interleaved with methods of experimentation in science and philosophy. This book's fresh perspective considers the novel as an art but also as a force in thinking. The critical distance afforded by a view back across the centuries allows Bender to redefine such novelists as Defoe, Fielding, Goldsmith, Godwin, and Laclos by placing them along philosophers and scientists like Newton, Locke, and Hume but also alongside engravings by Hogarth and by anatomist William Hunter. His book probes the kinship among realism, hypothesis, and scientific fact, defining in the process the rhetorical basis of public communication during the Enlightenment.

  • Sales Rank: #2488966 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Stanford University Press
  • Published on: 2012-08-08
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .80" w x 6.00" l, .95 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 312 pages
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"Bender's evident personal passions and breadth as a humanist of ample curiosity come through clearly."—Darrin M. McMahon, H-France Review of Books

"John Bender [is] a compelling critic of eighteenth-century British literature and culture. . . . Since [1987], Bender has published a number of important and groundbreaking essays, ranging widely and often brilliantly over various topics and disciplines. . . . John Bender's splendid and erudite collection of essays demonstrates . . . that one can remember the Enlightenment without longing for its return."Albert Rivero, Times Literary Supplement

"For some critics, the genre of collected essays does not flatter: it highlights the repetition and limitations of their analytic procedures. For John Bender, however, it's a showcase for his remarkable mix of conceptual flexibility and archival precision. Bender at his best is our best index to the extraordinary efflorescence of eighteenth-century studies at the turn into the new millennium. His work has transformed our understanding of the emergence of the novel from fluctuating fields of 'fact' and 'fiction,' the fate and ongoing power of rhetoric within shifting social and communication systems, and the reconstituting of knowledge into its modern forms and organization. The understanding of Enlightenment that emerges from these essays—and from the cross-currents generated by their being published together—provides that historical moment with an unprecedented purchase on the present. Bender's oeuvre is—in its accuracy and usefulness—an essential handbook for those of us who care about the legacy of Enlightenment."—Clifford Siskin, New York University

"John Bender's writing on enlightenment culture has been a major inspiration for many years. Many of these essays are classics, and all repay close attention. Whether writing about anatomy or hypothesis, Hume's sentences or game theory in Laclos, Bender combines formal, socio-historical, and visual analysis into a unique wellspring for work in eighteenth-century studies. The collection is a real boon for the field and should be on the shelf of every one of its scholars."—Jonathan Kramnick, Rutgers University

About the Author
John Bender is Jean G. and Morris M. Doyle Professor in Interdisciplinary Studies at Stanford University and a former Director of the Stanford Humanities Center. His books include Imagining the Penitentiary (winner of the 1987 Gottschalk Prize) and, with Michael Marrinan, of Regimes of Description (2005) and The Culture of Diagram (20

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Jumat, 29 Mei 2015

* Ebook Download Making Law Matter: Environmental Protection and Legal Institutions in Brazil, by Lesley McAllister

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Making Law Matter: Environmental Protection and Legal Institutions in Brazil, by Lesley McAllister

Although many developing countries have environmental statutes, regulations, and resolutions on the books, these laws are rarely enforced and often ignored. Making Law Matter presents the first book-length treatment of an innovative prosecutorial institution, the Brazilian Ministrio Publico, which refashioned itself in the 1980s into a powerful defender of citizen rights in environmental protection, as well as in other areas of public interest such as disability rights, consumer protection, and anticorruption.

In Brazil, the offices of prosecutors and courts have become an important forum for resolving environmental conflicts, making environmental law more effective than in the past. Court involvement communicates the end of impunity for violators. It increases the accountability of governmental agencies and provides legal access for citizen complaints. In short, it enhances environmental rule of law. As developing countries continue to seek to reform their legal systems to strengthen democracy and the rule of law, the Brazilian Ministrio Publico must be recognized as a very promising model.

  • Sales Rank: #3770783 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Stanford Law Books
  • Published on: 2008-05-30
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .80" w x 6.00" l, 1.12 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 288 pages
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"Making Law Matter, by Lesley McAllister, is a major book on an important topic: Brazil's Public Ministry and its role in the enforcement of environmental laws . . . Though this is a legal study, the analysis contained here is strengthened by the excellent use of recent work in political science, social movements and public policy. Another strength of the study is its solid grounding in extensive fieldwork conducted in two Brazilian states, with frequent quotations from key actors and its reliance on Brazilian documentary and academic sources."—Paul Little, Luso-Brazilian Review

"The Brazilian Ministrio Publico is an unusually successful legal institution in a country and region that have often struggled with weak legal systems. Making Law Matter's account of its origin and functioning—and the sources of its comparative success—will be welcomed by both legal specialists and others more broadly interested in the construction of stable and effective democratic governance of the environment. In addition to addressing an intrinsically important legal development, McAllister contributes meticulous research, grounded in extraordinary access to internal data of the Ministrio Publico itself."—Kathryn Hochstetler, University of New Mexico

"Making Law Matter is a wonderful addition to the growing literature on global environmental law. Lesley McAllister explores the difficulties of enforcing environmental law in Brazil, a country critical to the future health of the planet. She examines enforcement patterns in different Brazilian states and discusses the influence of the 'Ministrio Publico,' an unusual, independent public interest entity that has launched major environmental initiatives. I highly recommend this book to anyone seeking to broaden their understanding of global environmental law."—Robert Percival, University of Maryland

About the Author
Lesley K. McAllister is a Professor of Law at the University of California Davis.

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Selasa, 26 Mei 2015

> Download PDF Talons and Teeth: County Clerks and Runners in the Qing Dynasty (Law, Society, and Culture in China), by Bradly Reed

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Talons and Teeth: County Clerks and Runners in the Qing Dynasty (Law, Society, and Culture in China), by Bradly Reed

For commoners in the Qing dynasty, the most salient agents of the imperial state were not the emperor's appointed officials but rather the clerks and runners of the county yamen, the lowest level of functionaries in the Qing state's administrative hierarchy. Yet until now we have known very little about these critically important persons beyond the caricatured portrayals of corruption and venality left by Qing high officials and elites.

Drawing from the rich archival records of Ba county, Sichuan, the author challenges the simplicity of these portrayals by taking us inside the county yamen to provide the first detailed look at local administrative practice from the perspective of those who actually carried it out. Who were the county clerks and runners? How were they recruited, organized, disciplined, and rewarded? What was the economic basis for a career in the yamen? How did clerks and runners view themselves as well as legitimize their role in Qing government? And what impact did their interests and practices have on symbolically laden elements of imperial government such as the magistrate's court?

In addressing these questions, the author traverses the disjuncture between statutory regulations and the realities of daily administrative practice, uncovering a realm of informal, semiautonomous, yet highly structured and even rationalized procedures. Although frequently in violation of formal law, this extra-statutory system nevertheless remained an irreducible component of local government under the Qing. Recognizing the centrality of such informal practice to yamen administration forces us to rethink not only traditional assumptions concerning local corruption in the Qing, but also the ways in which we conceptualize the boundaries between state and society in late imperial China.

  • Sales Rank: #1560938 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Stanford University Press
  • Published on: 2000-03-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.00" w x 6.00" l, 1.36 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 352 pages
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  • Used Book in Good Condition

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“...the book is a valuable contribution to the study of a sophisticated bureaucracy in a non-Western, nonmodern setting.”—Robin D.S. Yates, McGill University

From the Inside Flap
For commoners in the Qing dynasty, the most salient agents of the imperial state were not the emperor’s appointed officials but rather the clerks and runners of the county yamen, the lowest level of functionaries in the Qing state’s administrative hierarchy. Yet until now we have known very little about these critically important persons beyond the caricatured portrayals of corruption and venality left by Qing high officials and elites.
Drawing from the rich archival records of Ba county, Sichuan, the author challenges the simplicity of these portrayals by taking us inside the county yamen to provide the first detailed look at local administrative practice from the perspective of those who actually carried it out. Who were the county clerks and runners? How were they recruited, organized, disciplined, and rewarded? What was the economic basis for a career in the yamen? How did clerks and runners view themselves as well as legitimize their role in Qing government? And what impact did their interests and practices have on symbolically laden elements of imperial government such as the magistrate’s court?
In addressing these questions, the author traverses the disjuncture between statutory regulations and the realities of daily administrative practice, uncovering a realm of informal, semiautonomous, yet highly structured and even rationalized procedures. Although frequently in violation of formal law, this extra-statutory system nevertheless remained an irreducible component of local government under the Qing. Recognizing the centrality of such informal practice to yamen administration forces us to rethink not only traditional assumptions concerning local corruption in the Qing, but also the ways in which we conceptualize the boundaries between state and society in late imperial China.

From the Back Cover
“...the book is a valuable contribution to the study of a sophisticated bureaucracy in a non-Western, nonmodern setting.”—Robin D.S. Yates, McGill University

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8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
The best study of local government in late imperial China
By A Customer
This book is by far the most important study of local government in late imperial China that has yet been published. Its only possible rival might be T'ung-tsu Ch'u's 1962 classic, "Local Government in China Under the Ch'ing," which Reed's book has largely superseded.
A unique feature of Reed's book is that it makes use of the only county government archive of any size that survives from the Qing dynasty, the Ba County archive. This singular body of material became available to scholars only shortly before Reed began his doctoral research, and he was quick to seize the opportunity to provide an insider's view of how local administration actually worked in the late empire. Previous scholarship had depended on the writings of senior officials appointed by the imperial center, and was severely limited by the top-down, condescending perspective of such sources; it tended to pass along unwittingly the prejudices of Qing elites as empirical fact.
Perhaps the most valuable contribution of the book is to rescue us from diehard stereotypes of clerks and runners in the local government offices ("yamen") of late imperial China. For centuries, these locally-recruited personnel were vilified as inherently evil and corrupt; such rhetoric was a standard part of official and elite discourse for several dynasties, and earlier generations of scholars tended to accept it at face value. Yet no one until Reed had bothered to ask why a system that employed such personnel, and depended on them for most of the vital and sensitive tasks of government, could function so well for so long. For example, clerks and runners were constantly blamed for supposedly provoking litigation in order to extort personal profits - and yet, as Reed proves, the entire local court system was financed by fees collected from litigants. The increase of litigation was hardly the result of extortion by clerks and runners. Reed shows that this discourse of vituperation was vital to the ideology of empire; it enabled degree-holding Mandarins of elite pedigree to cloak themselves in the symbols of Confucian legitimacy while distancing themselves from the dirty work of government (tax collection, arrests, etc.) that was performed by the clerks and runners under their supervision. Such rhetoric was one of the ways that late imperial regimes tried to obscure the coercive bureaucratic machinery that underpinned their supposedly virtuous rule.
Another important contribution of Reed's book is his discovery of the "customary law" of the local yamen, which was used to resolve disputes among the clerks and runners themselves. The local magistrate would adjudicate internal disputes on the basis of longstanding internal rules and norms, which the clerks and runners themselves would report to him. (Magistrates were outsiders who served relatively brief terms before being rotated elsewhere; the clerks and runners were long-serving locals.) This process was invisible from the outside, and it runs completely counter to the top-down view of law and government in late imperial China that constituted our received wisdom; in fact, it clearly violated the nominal rules dictated by the imperial center for running local affairs. But, as Reed shows, if such nominal rules had been enforced, the imperial system would have collapsed immediately. Like the official rhetoric about clerks and runners, these nominal rules published in the imperial capital had long been taken at face value, as a description of how local government really functioned. But increasingly it appears that the imperial system worked in precisely the manner that Reed describes, through flexible negotiation between lofty ideological norms and practical local needs, with the latter frequently proving decisive.
Reed's great strength, based on his mastery of rich archival materials, is to view the imperial system "from the bottom up," through the lens of the local. This perspective makes his study of government come alive: it is far more social history than institutional history.

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Senin, 25 Mei 2015

^ PDF Download NATO in the “New Europe”: The Politics of International Socialization After the Cold War, by Alexandra Gheciu

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NATO in the “New Europe”: The Politics of International Socialization After the Cold War, by Alexandra Gheciu



NATO in the “New Europe”: The Politics of International Socialization After the Cold War, by Alexandra Gheciu

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NATO in the “New Europe”: The Politics of International Socialization After the Cold War, by Alexandra Gheciu

In recent years, the question of the post-Cold War NATO, particularly in relation to the former communist countries of Europe, has been at the heart of a series of international reform debates. NATO in the "New Europe" contributes to these debates by arguing that, contrary to conventional assumptions about the role of international security organizations, NATO has been systematically involved in the process of building liberal democracy in the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

The book also seeks to contribute to the development of an international political sociology of socialization. It draws on arguments developed by political theorists, sociologists, and social psychologists to examine the dynamics and implications of socialization practices conducted by an international institution.

  • Sales Rank: #3226046 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Stanford University Press
  • Published on: 2005-08-17
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.00" w x 6.00" l, 1.39 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 368 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"Gheciu's work debunks the myth that following Francis Fukuyama's 'end of history,' central and eastern European countries 'naturally' adopted western, liberal values, norms and institutions... A superb and enjoyable book."—H-Net

"...a sophisticated and insightful book..."—Foreign Affairs

"...one of the most enlightening, engaging, and important books on the contemporary Atlantic alliance..."—The International History Review

From the Inside Flap
In recent years, the question of the post-Cold War NATO, particularly in relation to the former communist countries of Europe, has been at the heart of a series of international reform debates. NATO in the “New Europe” contributes to these debates by arguing that, contrary to conventional assumptions about the role of international security organizations, NATO has been systematically involved in the process of building liberal democracy in the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
The book also seeks to contribute to the development of an international political sociology of socialization. It draws on arguments developed by political theorists, sociologists, and social psychologists to examine the dynamics and implications of socialization practices conducted by an international institution.

From the Back Cover
“...a sophisticated and insightful book...”—Foreign Affairs
"...one of the most enlightening, engaging, and important books on the contemporary Atlantic alliance..."—The International History Review

Most helpful customer reviews

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Suprising view of NATO as an Instrument of Democracy
By John Matlock
At the end of the Cold War the newly free contries that had been satelite states of the Soviet Union were faced with a problem. The only people with experience in running the country were the communists, who were not considered politically reliable, or former dissidents who may have been reliable but had no experience in leading the country.

Surprisingly, the author reports, the road to these contries adopting Western-style liberal democratic norms and institutions turned out that working with NATO has been far more influential than what would have been expected from a normal expectation of a military alliance.

NATO was involved primarily in establishing the legal and institutional arrangements in the area of Defense. This inturned helped shape definitions of appropriate liberal democratic identity in those states.

The book spends most of its time on the Czech Republic, Romania and of course in analyzing NATO from various international relationship areas.

The conclusions reached by the author are particularily interesting when compared with the viewpoint of the normal liberal to military organizations.

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